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Descripción
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| With a global production exceeding 4 million tons per year in 2011, avocado has become a major agroindustrial commodity. Most of the production and the transformation industry is located in North and Central America, although consumption is growing fast primarily in developed countries like the USA and the European Union. The principal use of the avocado fruit is human consumption, although other applications related to the production of cosmetics, nutritional supplements and livestock feed have been reported. Only the avocado pulp is employed for commercial applications, while other fruit elements like the seed and peel have no practical use and are disposed of by landfilling. Avocado seeds, which represent up to 26 wt % of the fruit mass, are produced in large amounts in centralized avocado transformation plants. Despite their high starch content, the seeds cannot be used for livestock feeding due to the high concentration of polyphenols, which impart a bitter taste and may be toxic at high levels. This chapter presents an introduction into the characteristics of avocado seeds and its potential use as a fuel using different technologies. Information is provided about the chemical, physical and thermal properties of the material. Preliminary results are also included describing its thermochemical transformation using a rotary kiln and a porous media reactor. Product yields and compositions are described for the gasification and pyrolysis of this material using different operating conditions. The chapter also shows preliminary analysis regarding mechanical densification for the production of pellets. | |
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Internacional
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Si |
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DOI
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10.1007/978-3-319-17100-5 |
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Edición del Libro
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Editorial del Libro
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Springer International Publishing |
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ISBN
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978-3-319-17099-2 |
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Serie
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The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry |
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Título del Libro
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Environment, Energy and Climate Change II, Energies from New Resources and the Climate Change (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry serie) |
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Desde página
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1 |
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Hasta página
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25 |