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Descripción
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| Spanish mobility and transport have a strong dependence on imported oil. Oil supply and therefore mobility depend on politically unstable regions, raising concerns about security of supply.The impact of oil dependency in the Spanish economy is very important, being necessary to act to end this situation. The development of a strategy in the transport sector, replacing gradually to oil by alternative fuels and create the necessary infrastructure, could generate savings in the bill for oil imports, while greater security of supply and reduced greenhouse gases. We understand as alternative fuels, fuel or energy sources that replace, at least in part, to classic fossil fuels as a source of energy in transport and can contribute to the decarbonisation of the latter and to improve the environmental performance of the transport sector. Among the different alternative fuels, this thesis focuses on hydrogen. 2014/94 / EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 22 October 2014 on the implementation of an infrastructure for alternative fuels, establishes a common framework of measures for the implementation of an infrastructure for alternative fuels in the EU European to minimize the dependence of transport on oil and mitigate the environmental impact of transport. The Directive establishes minimum requirements for the creation of an infrastructure for alternative fuels, including charging points for electric vehicles and refuelling points natural gas (liquefied and compressed) and hydrogen, to be applied by the national policy frameworks Member States as well as by the common technical specifications on these charging points and refuelling, and reporting requirements to users. In this thesis, it provides answers to Directive 2014/94 / EU, in terms of developing a national action framework for hydrogen as an alternative fuel, by developing a methodology to determine the number of hydrogen refuelling stations and exact location, every time t, where t is equal to one year. Besides the subsidy policy is defined, optimizing the investment that the state has to perform, to make hydrogen as an alternative fuel is introduced, having to develop gradually, according to the needs and sustainable over time after the end of the subsidy period. To design the optimal policy subsidies, a model Stackelberg equilibrium is established, allowing penetration of hydrogen as an alternative fuel. The Spanish State plays the role of leader and owners of filling stations that can potentially accommodate hydrogen as an alternative fuel, are the followers. The leader wants to design the subsidy policy that minimizes the investment required for the effective deployment of the infrastructure and owners of potential refuelling stations, which may include hydrogen as fuel, dynamically decide to implement or not (variables lower level) the alternative fuel hydrogen, based on estimates of V |VI| return on their investment based on current subsidy policies and the demand for alternative fuels. The model reflects the behaviour of the different actors in the process (Spanish state, station owners refuelling and owners of electric vehicles fuel cell) in a dynamic context and competition between refuelling stations. The aspect of competition is new in the literature, since in most works a coordinated location is assumed, that is, a monopoly on the ownership of refuelling stations for alternative fuels or, equivalently, the existence of a state you can force any individual owner to install a alternative fuel refuelling station, the aim being to maximize the benefit of the company or sole proprietor maximize overall network coverage. The model or methodology discussed above, is applied to a case study consists of five nodes and arcs 6 and a projection for all of Spain. | |
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Internacional
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Si |
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ISBN
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Tipo de Tesis
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Doctoral |
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Calificación
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Sobresaliente |
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Fecha
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03/11/2016 |