Electronic beam scanning  would be desirable  at frequencies above 100 GHz for certain applications. Prior demonstrators of beam scanning antennas based on liquid crystals used a single resonant patch above a layer of liquid crystal (LC) as phasing cells. This configuration  showed  significant limitations in bandwidth, range of phase and losses, which made them unsuitable for practical applications.

ESCAM solves the problems mentioned above, by using  multi-resonant cells, which provide an improvement in range of phase, bandwidth and losses.  The multiple resonances can be implemented in each phasing cell by using 3 parallel dipoles, where the dipole lengths are optimized to improve the bandwidth and phase range. Another alternative is to use two layers of LC for a further improvement of the scanning performance.

“Development of low-cost antennas based on liquid crystals to provide electronic beam scanning in mm-wave and Terahertz ranges”

• Space
•  Reliable beam scanning at mm-wave and Terahertz for instruments to study the atmosphere, as an alternative to mechanical systems using motors, which require a special lubrication and should be on operation during several years.
• Space industry needs technologies that allows research in different parameters and range of frequencies.
•  Due to high cost to orbital a satellite, low weight technologies are crucial.
• Security
•  After 11-S, the security agencies and market are looking for new technologies that improve weapon and explosive detection.
• In recent years, a wide range of privacy laws have emerge in development countries. Technologies such as radars in the range of sub-millimeter frequency bands, that allows security screening without personal intrusion, are an important step to obey this new legal imperative. 
• ICT, embedded systems for communications
• Ultra wide-band communications is an incipient market that allow high-data-rate and well-suited for radio-frequency-sensitive environments, indoor and out-door.

• Space
• Over 115 satellites will be launched each year worldwide the next 10 years [Euroconsult-ec]
• The Global Satellite Industry Revenues has increase 7 % in 2012, with 189,5 billion dolars, outpacing both worldwide economic growth rate (2,3%) and U.S. growth (2,2%) [Euroconsult-ec].
• Security
• After 11-s, EEUU have spend more tan 400.000 million dollars improving security systems and technology both companies and government  [Expansion.com].
•  U.S. Explosives Screening Systems, Service, Upgrade & Installation Market is expected to rise from 1.5 billion in 2009 to 3,3 billion in 2014 [Homeland Security Market Research].
• ICT, embedded systems for communications:
• In 2013, over 2,7 billion people are using the internet, with corresponds to 39% of the world’s population [International Telecommunication Union, ITU].

• The proposed technology provides a low-cost and reliable solution for electronic  beam scanning at frequencies in the range of mm-waves and Terahertzs, as an alternative to mechanical scanning using motors.
• The cost of ESCAM is much lower (at least one fourth) of the cost of complex  mechanical scanning systems.
• At present, there is  not any available technology that provides electronic beam scanning at frequencies  around 100 GHz and above.
• The power consumption is very low for the proposed electronic beam scanning, at least one tenth of the consumption in mechanical systems using motors.
• Low-cost imaging in real time for weapon and explosive detection.

“The Global Satellite Industry Revenues has increase 7 % in 2012, with 189,5 billion dollars, outpacing both worldwide economic growth rate (2,3%) and U.S. growth (2,2%)”