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Descripción
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| According to the International Energy Agency, 2.7 billion people (40% of global population) rely on the traditional use of biomass for cooking, mainly on developing countries. This situation has several impacts on quality of life. Concerning direct health impacts, the exposure to pollutants produced during combustion of fuelwood in inefficient stoves during long periods of time has a wide range of health effects. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that exposure to smoke from the simple act of cooking constitutes the fourth leading risk factor for disease in developing countries, and causes 4.3 million premature deaths per year, exceeding deaths attributable to malaria or tuberculosis. In addition, tens of millions more fall sick with illnesses that could readily be prevented with improved adoption of clean and efficient cookstoves and fuels. In addition, the lack of access to modern fuels and technology mainly affects women (and girls) in their role as household managers because they are usually responsible for providing energy, spending long time gathering fuelwood, and reducing time availability for other activities. In this context, the Spanish NGO ?Alianza por la Solidaridad? has installed improved cookstoves (ICS) in 3000 households during 2012 and 2013 to improve indoor air quality and energy efficiency reducing fuelwood consumption, under the agreement called ?Food Security and Environmental Governance? funded by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation. The types of cookstoves were Noflaye Jeeg and Noflaye Jaboot and were installed in the Cassamance Natural Subregion covering part of Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau. The Innovation and Technology for Development Centre from the Technical University of Madrid (itd-UPM) conducted a field study during 2013 to show the benefits of this project. It was conducted on 6 rural villages, two in each country, gathering data through questionnaires, interviews and AQ measurements on 66 households. Secondary information from NGO reports was also used. The analysis was conducted at two levels, household and project level. At household level, several social benefits were considered (e.g. health benefits and those related to firewood savings like reduction in collecting and cooking time consumption) while only costs from ICS production. At the project level, institutional and operational costs from the project activities were included together with environment benefits and cost reduction on national health services. To calculate each cost and benefit, WHO methodology recommend for health interventions was used. Different scenarios were set taking into account different lifespan for ICS, the value of time saved for women and men and market price the equivalent tonne of CO2. The profitability of these actions is confirmed by the results, showing that the installation of the ICS generates benefits that outweigh the associated costs both at household and project level. Net Present Value (NPV) was greater than zero in all cases and cost-benefit relationships varies from 3.7 to 26, in the best scenario. Regarding benefit relevance, the most crucial aspects are those related to reduction of time consumption on cooking and to fuelwood savings. Health benefits are low, barely reaching 2% of total benefits. At household level, the payback period varies from one to three months. This implies that for a family an ICS purchase is worth even at the worst scenario, where a life span of one year is obtained. However, social barriers based on lack of household savings, hinder ICS penetration. Finally, the study shows that the project investment is economically profitable aside from social and environmental benefits with a great economic impact on the area of intervention. | |
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Internacional
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Si |
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Nombre congreso
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2nd Healthy-Polis workshop "Challenges and opportunities for Urban Environmental Health and Sustainability" |
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Tipo de participación
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960 |
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Lugar del congreso
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Kunshan, China |
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Revisores
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Si |
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ISBN o ISSN
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0000000000 |
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DOI
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Fecha inicio congreso
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30/05/2015 |
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Fecha fin congreso
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30/05/2015 |
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Desde la página
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1 |
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Hasta la página
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1 |
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Título de las actas
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No disponible |