|
Abstract
|
|
|---|---|
| Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascades play a pivotal role transducing developmental cues and environmental signals into cellular responses. Among the latter are the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that upon recognition by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs), trigger immune responses through MAPK cascades. YODA (YDA) is a MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) that controls stomatal patterning and other development processes, but also regulates Arabidopsis immune responses. We have found a hypomorphic, non-embryo lethal mutant allele of YDA (elk2/yda11) that is highly susceptible to biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Remarkably, plants expressing the constitutively active YDA (CA-YDA) protein show broad-spectrum disease resistance to different types of pathogens, including fungi, oomycete and bacteria. This function is distinct of the immune responses regulated by the PRRs, CERK1 and FLS2, which are required for Arabidopsis resistance to fungi and bacteria, respectively. CA-YDA-mediated resistance is independent of defensive pathways regulated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid or ethylene, and of previously characterised immune responses. CA-YDA plants constitutively express defense-associated genes and exhibit altered cell wall integrity that contribute to disease resistance. We propose that YDA functions downstream of ERECTA PRR and orchestrates broad-spectrum resistance by regulating defensive responses that act in parallel to canonical disease resistance pathways regulated by phytohormones and PRRs. One evolutionary and physiological interpretation of our findings is that plants co-opted the ER-YDA pathway to generate a novel immune surveillance system linked to the development of stomata, since these surface apertures are natural entry sites of some pathogens. | |
|
International
|
Si |
|
|
000-0-000000-0 |
|
Entity
|
|
|
Entity Nationality
|
NORUEGA |
|
Place
|
Trondheim, Noruega |